Izisombululo zophahla lwezoLimo: Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo sokuKhetha izixhobo zokufulela kwiZakhiwo zeFama zale mihla (Icandelo 1)

Intshayelelo: Kutheni uphahla lwezoLimo lubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili

Ulimo lwangoku alusaphelelanga kwizisele ezilula kunye neeshedi zokugcina. Iifama zanamhlanje ziquka izindlu zeenkukhu, iifama zeehagu, iishedi zobisi, iindawo zokugcina ukutya okuziinkozo, iindawo zokugcina iinkozo, iindawo zokusebenzela zezixhobo, kunye{1}nezakhiwo ezinkulu zezolimo. Ezi zakhiwo zibonisa utyalo-mali olukhulu- lwexesha elide, kwaye inkqubo yokufulela idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni olo tyalo-mali.

Abanini beefama abaninzi bagxila ikakhulu kwiindleko zokuqala zokwakha, kodwa abaqhubi bezolimo abanamava bayaqonda ukuba uphahla luchaphazela:

• Ukwakha ubomi
• Iindleko zolondolozo
• Ubushushu bangaphakathi
• Ukusebenza kakuhle kokungenisa umoya
• Ukulawula ukufuma
• Intlalontle yezilwanyana
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla
• Ukuthembeka kokusebenza

Ngenxa yoko, kukhangelwa izisombululo zophahla lwezolimo, ukwakhiwa kweefamaizinto zokuphahla,kunye neenkqubo zokufulela ezihlala ixesha elide kwiifama ziyaqhubeka ukukhula kulo lonke elaseLatin America, kuMbindi Mpuma, eMzantsi-mpuma Asia, kunye neminye imimandla yezolimo.

Esi sikhokelo sicacisa indlela yokukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo zokufulela kwizakhiwo zasefama zangoku kwaye kutheni iiprojekthi ezininzi zezolimo zisiya ekumrheni{0}}ezixhathisayo,{1}}iinkqubo zokufulela eziphantsi.

Kutheni uphahla lwezoLimo lwahlukile kwiNdawo yokuHlala

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba izakhiwo zasefama zinokusebenzisa izinto zophahla ezifanayo njengezindlu. Enyanisweni, uphahla lwezolimo lujongene neemeko ezinzima zokusebenza.

Uphahla lwasefama luhlala luvezwe koku:

1. Ukufuma okuphezulu
2. Iigesi ze-ammonia ezivela kwimfuyo
3. Ukucoca imichiza
4. Imvula enkulu
5. Imitha ye-UV enamandla
6. Ukuguquguquka kobushushu
7. Ukubonakaliswa komoya kunye nesiphango
8. Emikhulu{{0}imithwalo yolwakhiwo lwespan

Umzekelo, indlu yeenkukhu inokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo iminyaka eyi-15-25 ngokufuma okuphezulu kunye namanqanaba e-ammonia yonke imihla. Le miqathango inokonakalisa ngokukhawuleza iinkqubo zokuphahla zensimbi zendabuko ukuba kukhethwe izinto ezingalunganga.

Yingakho izinto zokuphahla zezolimo kufuneka zihlolwe ngokwahlukileyo kwiimveliso zokuphahla zokuhlala.

Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeZakhiwo zezoLimo

1. Izindlu zeenkukhu

Izindlu zeenkukhu ziphakathi kwezona zakhiwo zinzima kakhulu kwezolimo. Uphahla kufuneka luxhathise ukugqwala kweammonia, ukufuma, kunye nokwanda kobushushu ngelixa uxhasa umoya olungileyo.

Uphendlo oluqhelekileyo luquka:

• Uphahla lwendlu yeenkukhu
• Izinto zokufulela kwiifama zenkukhu
• Uphahla lwendlu yebroiler
• Iinkqubo zokufulela iifama

2. Iifama zeehagu

Izindlu zeehagu zangoku zisebenza kwindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu, i-ammonia, kunye nokucoca rhoqo. Iinkqubo zokufulela kufuneka zibonelele ngokugqwesileyo kokuxhathisa umhlwa kunye{1}}nokuqina ixesha elide.

Uphendlo oluqhelekileyo luquka:

• Ukufulela ifama yeehagu
• Uphahla lwesakhiwo seehagu
• Anti{0}uphahla lokutyakwizisele zeehagu

3. Iivenkile zobisi

Izibonelelo zobisi zijolise kakhulu kulawulo lobushushu kunye nokuphefumla. Uyilo olubi lophahla lunokwandisa uxinzelelo lobushushu kwaye lunciphise imveliso yobisi.

Uphendlo oluqhelekileyo luquka:

• Uphahla lweshedi yobisi
• Uphahla kwiifama zobisi
• Ubushushu-uphahla oluxhathisayo kwizakhiwo zemfuyo

4. Izakhiwo zokuGcinwa kweenkozo

Iindawo zokugcina ukutya okuziinkozo zifuna uphahla oluthintela ukuvuza kwamanzi, ukujiya, kunye nomonakalo wokufuma.

Uphendlo oluqhelekileyo luquka:

• Uphahla lokugcina okuziinkozo
• Uphahla lwesitora sezolimo
• Uphahla lwezisele zengqolowa kunye neendawo zokugcina iimpahla

5. Iindawo zokugcina ukutya

Ugcino lwesondlo lufuna ukomiswa, ukuvuza{0}simahla, kwayeiinkqubo zokuphahla ezisezantsi-ukukhusela uluhlu oluxabisekileyo.

Uphendlo oluqhelekileyo luquka:

• Yondla uphahla lwendlu yokugcina impahla
• Amaphepha ophahla okugcina ukutya
• Iinkqubo zokufulela kwifama

6. Iindibano zocweyo zaseFama kunye noGcino lweZixhobo

Ezi zakhiwo zihlala zifuna{{0}uphahla olubanzi, ukufakwa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nobomi benkonzo ende.

Uphendlo oluqhelekileyo luquka:

• Uphahla lweworkshop yasefama
• Uphahla lokugcina izixhobo zezolimo
• Uphahla lwezakhiwo zoomatshini basefama

Iindleko zokwenyani zokukhetha uphahla olungalunganga

Kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zezolimo, uphahla kulindeleke ukuba luhlale amashumi eminyaka. Ukusilela kophahla kunokubangela:

1. Umonakalo wamanzi kwisondlo okanye iinkozo
2. Ukuphazamiseka kwemveliso
3. Iindleko eziphezulu zomsebenzi wolondolozo
4. Ukonakala kwezixhobo
5. Iingxaki zempilo yezilwanyana
6. Iindleko ezingalindelekanga zokutshintshwa kophahla

Ngenxa yale mingcipheko, abatyali-zimali beefama abaziingcali baye baphonononga iinkqubo zokufulela ngokusekwe kwiindleko zomjikelo wobomi, hayi elona xabiso liphantsi lokuthenga.

Yintoni elandelayo kwiSigaba sesi-2

KwiSiqendu sesi-2, siza kubandakanya:

• Owona mngeni mkhulu wophahla kwizakhiwo zezolimo
• Ukufuma, i-ammonia, ukuvezwa kwe-UV, kunye nokuxinana kuchaphazela njani ukusebenza kophahla
• Indlela yokukhetha ezona zinto zigqwesileyo zophahla lwezolimo
• Imiba ephambili yeenjineli eziqwalaselayo xa zikhetha iindlela zokufulela iifama